Enfield is centrally located between the Royal County of Meath, seat of
High Kings, and County Kildare, the home of the Irish Kings of Leinster.
As such there are a wealth of
stories and legends on our doorstep from where Ireland's rich
cultural past can be explored. The Celtic Irish are among the world's
oldest nationality groups. A small sample of some of the more familiar
legends and important heritage sites to visit within a 30-mile radius of
Enfield are described below.
Salmon of Knowledge

Legend tells the
story of how the young
Fionn Mac Cumhaill caught a Salmon on the nearby
River Boyne
with the power to give knowledge and wisdom to whoever first
tasted it. While cooking it for his master Finnegas, he accidentally
burnt his thumb on it and put it in his mouth,
unwittingly taking the prize.
Children of Lir

This is the story of four children who were turned into swans by their jealous stepmother and
who spent 300 years of their 900 year exile
on Lough Derravaragh near Mullingar
until the toll of a Christian bell released them from the spell. Lir's castle may have been on the site of
Tullynally Castle
in
Castlepollard, Co. Westmeath (about 35 miles west of Enfield).
Tullynally is the anglicised form of "Tullach na n-eala" or "hill of the swan".
St. Brigid's Cloak
St Brigid
(450-525AD) is said to have been a woman of God and of the people and
was known for her generosity to the poor.
She is said to have established convents which schooled
thousands in the Christian faith all over Ireland in the 5th Century.
About 25 miles south of Enfield lies the town of Kildare, the
capital of Ireland's bloodstock industry, and the nearby Curragh plains,
an open area of some 5,000 acres of rolling grassland.
Legend tells that Brigid went to the parsimonious King of
Leinster
looking for some land for a convent and got him to agree to give
her only the land that her cloak would cover. When she laid her cloak
on the ground of the Curragh, by a miracle it is said to have
expanded in all directions to cover several acres. A sculpture
symbolising the inextinguishable flame of St. Brigid's Fire stands in
the medieval market town of Kildare since 2006 where many other
heritage sites may be seen as well as the nearby
Japanese Gardens,
National Stud and
Curragh Racecourse.
Tara and The Game of Fichille
The game of Fichille (Fáth+Ciall 'Learning and Intelligence' or
Fid+Ciall 'Wood and Intelligence'), the archaic boardgame described as a
game of kings, is a battle game of two sets of figures on a square
board divided into black and white squares, is said to have been
developed, popularised and spread from Ireland.
The game also developed in parallel in the East (probably both
from a very old Egyptian or Mid-Eastern root) and spread through Persia
(Iran), India and China. Chess became known in central Europe by
1100-1200AD, perhaps carried by Irish Scholars. It is known to have been
played in Ireland in the second century
because two chess tables were bequested in the will of High King Cathair Mór who died in 153AD and it is the Western version that appears to have developed to be more like the modern game. A 12th Century carved figure of a queen from a chess set was found in a bog in Clonard around 1817 and is held in the National Museum.
The invention of Fichille, which may have led to the Western version of Chess, is attributed to King Lugh of the Tuatha Dé Danann,
spiritual father of Cúchulainn according to the 11th century text "Cath Maige Tuired". This would mean (if you were to believe the dates chronicled in the 1st Volume of the Annals of the Four Masters) that a version of Chess was played in this part of Ireland as far back as the start of the 2nd Millenium BC.
The Lughnasadh Festival and the Tailteann Games
(Initiation of Competitive Sport)
Legend tells that the ascendancy of Lugh began when he went to
Tara to assist King Nuadha who had lost an arm in a battle with the Fir
Bolg champion Sreng when the Dé Danann first laid claim to Ireland. Due
to his formidable skills, strength and displays of talent he was
admitted to Tara and King Nuadha eventually yielded his throne to Lugh,
due to his physical perfection, in keeping with Tuatha Dé traditions.
Lugh, bearing the irresistible magic sword called Freagarthach
(the "Answerer"), and an invincible spear, successfully lead the Tuatha
Dé Danann against the
Fomorians (mythological enemies of the people of Ireland,
perhaps pirates) at the Second Battle of Mag Tuiredh
and killed their tyrannical one-eyed leader Balor (said to have had a
fort on Tory Island and coincidentally Lugh's maternal grandfather),
thus fullfilling a prophecy. Lugh is alleged to have cast a sling stone
at him driving his evil poisonous eye into his head so that it saw its
host and killed him.
On the battlefield he is said to have spared the life of Bres,
the half-Fomorian contender for the throne, on the condition that he
teach the Tuatha Dé how and when to plough, sow and reap.
The 30-day Lughnasadh festival is said to have been instituted
by Lugh in 1829BC, (pre-dating the Olympic Games
which began in Olympia in 776BC) as a funeral feast and ancient
sporting event commemorating his foster-mother, Queen Tailtiu, who
allegedly died of exhaustion after clearing the plains of Ireland for
agriculture.
The first location of the Áenach Tailteann gathering was at Teltown (about 25 miles north of Enfield) and the Tailteann Games ran annually until the time of the Norman Invasions when they died out.
The Gaelic Athletic Association Stadium in Navan is called Pairc Tailteann. After the purchase of Croke Park in 1913, the Tailteann games were revived by the GAA in 1920s and 1930s before World War II. The feast of Lughnasadh, a harvest festival, is celebrated in Lugh's name on 1st August.
Gulliver's Travels

On the western shores of Lough Ennell, about 30 miles west from Enfield, is a place called
Lilliput,
named in honour of Jonathan Swift who is believed to have found the inspiration there for the
tale of Gulliver's Travels in 1726, from watching people at a distance across the lake in
Belvedere. The area has been developed into the
Jonathan Swift Park
which
features a Par 3 golf course overlooking the lake, a seasonal
coffee shop, boat moorings, trout angling, swimming, woodland walks, and
a children's play area. Jonathan Swift has associations
with Trim where in 1700 he was appointed as Church of Ireland Vicar of
Laracor, Agher and Rathbeggan before being appointed Dean of St.
Patrick's Cathedral in 1713.
A
Swift Literary Festival is held in Trim each year.
Trinity Well, Carbury

The Trinity Well is located at the foot of
Carbury hill,
about 7 miles from Enfield. Trinity Well is reputed to be the source of the River Boyne. According to the
Legend,
the secret Well was in the garden of Neachtain, a mythical King
of Leinster, and its water had magical powers of wisdom. Anyone who
approached it other than the King and his cup-bearers was instantly
deprived of sight. The water derived its wisdom from the
fruits of the nine Hazel trees that grew around it. The nuts
were eaten by salmon who lived in the well and took on the qualities of
wisdom. Queen Bóann (from whom the river gets its name),
was determined to sample the water, so she performed
incantations and broke the charm of the well. The spring then rose in
enormous waves, mutilating her and blinding her and pursued her until
she was swept into the sea,
at the mouth of the Boyne (near Bettystown). The Well is one of a
number of "otherworldly" wells from legends in other parts of the
country and is sometimes known as a
Connla's Well or the
Well of Segais.
Clonard
In 520AD, St. Finian established a
monastic school at
Clonard
on the banks of the Boyne, about 8 miles west of Enfield,
which became a distinguished seat of learning. The monastry
existed up to the 12th Century.
It is one of the earliest Christian sites in Ireland. At one
time it is said to have had 3,000 students coming from all over Ireland
and Europe. Twelve Irish
Holy men studied there known as the
twelve apostles of Ireland
including St. Columcille (founder of Kells Abbey 554AD) and St. Ciarán
(founder of Clonmacnoise Abbey 545AD). St. Finian died around 549AD from
the yellow plague.
Around 1177, Clonard became a Norman garrison town under the
military occupation of Meath directed by Hugh de Lacy (who built Trim
Castle) due to its strategic location
on a principal road and bridge over the Boyne. A 12th century
fortified motte-and-bailey constructed at the time is a well known
landmark of the area.
Hill of Uisneach

This was a ceremonial site which lies between Athlone and Mullingar,
about 33 miles west of Enfield. It is believed to have been the site of
an ancient palace, the home of the High King Tuathal Teachtmar in the
First Century AD.
Tuathal Teachtmar made a
new division of Ireland
at the start of the second century AD into the five Provinces of
Leinster, Munster, Ulster and Connaught and having taken a portion from
each formed the fifth Province or Kingdom of Meath.
Today a great six foot high stone known as the "Aill na Mireann"
(the Stone of Divisions) rests upon the hill
signifying the meeting point of the provincial borders of the
five kingdoms of Ireland and the gateway to the mystical Kingdom of
Meath which held the other Provinces together.
It is also said that the Mother Goddess Éiru of the Tuatha Dé Danann is buried under the stone.
One version of the legend
tells that the Milesians (sons of Míl Espáine and believed to be the
Gaelic Celts) invaded Ireland from the Iberian Peninsula in the 2nd
millenium BC. They were making their way from Kerry to Druim Cain (now
Tara),
when they were met by a Dé Danann army led by Éiru. Éiru was
mortally wounded and while tending her, one of the Milesian sons, their
leader and poet Amergin,
then saluting her courage, promised Ériu that the country will
continue to bear her name if they were victorious.
The Book of Invasions (Lebor Gabála Érenn) tells that after they defeated the Dé Danann Kings (Mac Cuill, Mac Cecht, Mac Greine) on the plain of
Tailtiu (a
place between Navan and Kells), Amergin divided the country between his
two surviving
brothers, with Éremon, ruling the northern half, and Éber Finn
ruling the south. The Slí Mór was a natural line of division. The Tuatha
Dé Danann were given the underworld, which perhaps became the mythical
land of Fairy Folk known as Tír na nÓg.
As a likely seat of kings prior to Tara, the Uisneach
site offered panoramic views over the central plain where from
the summit you can allegedly see landmarks of 20 counties in Ireland.
Uisneach was regarded as the natural centre
of the country and the stone may be
called the "Umbilicus Hiberniae" or the "Navel of Ireland".
(This claim is contested by the Seefin Stone in Birr which claims to be
the geographical central point of Ireland.)
Uisneach is a festival site of Bealtaine fires and Druidical ceremonies, even attracting Egyptians who came up the Shannon over 2,000 years ago.
It is reputed that the first fire ever lit in Ireland was lit here in May to usher in the first dawn of summer.
Hill of Tara
Tara
(about 18 miles north east of Enfield) was the ancient
ceremonial seat of High Kings of Ireland. In the centre of the Royal
Seat or "Forradh" stands a pillar stone called
the Lia Fáil (Stone of Destiny) said to have been brought to
Ireland by the mythical race known as the Tuatha Dé Danann and is one of
the
four legendary treasures of Ireland.
(The Tuatha Dé are alleged to have originated from four mythical
cities, Falias, Gorias, Finias and Murias and they are said to have
brought one magical treasure from each city when they came to Ireland.)
The Lia Fáil stone was said to roar with joy when, having
completed his challenges, the rightful High King of Ireland touched it.
The site had a massive Banqueting Hall/Area and may have catered
for upwards of 1,000 guests.
One of
Tara's monuments
is the "Mound of Hostages", a megalithic passage tomb whose
construction and original use has been radiocarbon dated in 2001 to
3,350-3100BC. St. Patrick is said to have come to Tara to confront
paganism when
he began converting the Celts to Christianity around 432AD.
Patrick famously lit his Paschal fire on the hill of Slane before the
fire of the High King Laoghaire, thus breaking tradition, and so Patrick
was challenged to a contest
with the Magician Lucamael. When Patrick won the contest, King
Laoghaire (said to be the last pagan king of Ireland), allowed him to
bring Christianity to Ireland unopposed. King Laoghaire is said to have
been buried at Tara
standing up in his grave fully armed and facing South towards his enemies.
Another legend maintains that the Ark of the Covenant, the vessel believed to contain the Ten Commandments and early books of the Bible, was brought to Tara,
along with the Lia Fáil (suggested to be Jacob's Pillar)
and Teia Tephi (daughter of the King Zedekiah of Israel) in
583BC
by her Grandfather St. Jeremiah the prophet (believed by some to
have been the real Patriarchal Saint of Ireland) before the fall of
Jerusalem to the Babylonians and destruction of Solomon's Temple.
She is said to have married King Eochaidh. Some interpret the
texts of the Irish Dindsenchas to indicate
that it is buried somewhere near the "Mound of the Hostages".
Some of the area around the "Rath of the Synods" was excavated in 1898
by a group of British Israelites searching for the Ark before they were
stopped.
Some say the allegedly golden Ark of the Covenant may be
responsible for the origin of the concept of a mythical Crock of Gold and that the origin of the title "Emerald Isle"
is due to the Emerald birth stone of one of the lost tribes of Israel which allegedly migrated to Ireland.
In a similar vein, the title "Emerald Isle" may also be derived from Goídel Glas
(Glas = Green), the eponymous ancestor of the Gaels, and creator of the
Goidelic (Gaelic) languages from an amalgamation of seventy two known
languages under the instruction of Fenius Farsaid.
In his youth Goídel was stung in the neck by a serpent, and was
immediately brought to Moses, who, laying his rod upon the wounded
place, instantly cured him.
The word "Glas" was added to his name on account of the green
scar left behind by the snakebite on his neck after the wound was
healed.
Goídel obtained a further blessing, that no venomous beast can
live anywhere his future generations should inhabit.
Brú na Bóinne

(Palace of the Boyne), Newgrange, Knowth & Dowth
Brú na Bóinne is the site of an Ancient Temple and passage tombs dating back to the New Stone Age, constructed around 5,200 years ago.
The Brú na Bóinne visitor Centre
is about 31 miles north east of Enfield.
On the Winter Solstice (21st or 22nd December), the light of the sun enters the roofbox at Newgrange and shines onto the floor of the inner burial chamber for 17 minutes.
Mythology
claims the Tuatha Dé Danann may have erected Newgrange as a
burial place for their chief Dagda Mór. Legend claims it is also the
place where Cúchulainn was conceived.
There are also some stunning examples of megalithic art carved
on the surrounding stones. Brú na Bóinne may also mean "Womb of the
Moon". The layout of the entrance, passage and chamber of Newgrange
may have a resemblance to the female reproductive organs.